Croatia

Page last updated at 15:03 GMT, Monday, 7 June 2010 16:03 UK

Croatia's declaration of independence in 1991 was followed by four years of war and the best part of a decade of authoritarian nationalism under President Franjo Tudjman.

By early 2003 it had made enough progress in shaking off the legacy of those years to apply for EU membership, becoming the second former Yugoslav republic after Slovenia to do so.

A country of striking natural beauty with a stunning Adriatic coastline, Croatia is again very popular as a tourist destination.

Croatia's EU Accession talks were postponed because of its failure to detain Gen Ante Gotovina, wanted by the international war crimes tribunal in The Hague.

Croatia later got the green light for talks to proceed in October 2005. The fugitive general was arrested in Spain shortly afterwards.

Tourists flock to the medieval port of Dubrovnik

The country hopes to become a member of the EU by 2011 - representing remarkable progress since the time of Tudjman's death in December 1999, when the country was in a parlous state.

Its citizens suffered from government-backed attacks on their civil and political rights. The governing party, the HDZ, was then corrupt and the economy was in difficulties, with around 20% of Croatians unemployed.

Presidential and parliamentary elections at the beginning of 2000 ushered in politicians who pledged commitment to Croatia's integration into the European mainstream.

The constitution has been changed to shift power away from the president to the parliament. Croatia has joined the World Trade Organisation and has pledged to open up its economy. It has achieved growth and inflation is under control.

However, organised crime and mafia-linked violence remain a major concern, prompting the EU to warn that more action is needed to combat them before membership can be possible.

A dispute with Slovenia over sea and land borders dating back to the break-up of Yugoslavia has slowed down Croatia's journey to EU membership, and the construction of a controversial coastal bridge that will allow motorists to skirt Bosnian territory has drawn criticism from Bosnia.

The Slovene public narrowly agreed to international arbitration on the border dispute with Croatia in a referendum in June 2010. This will lift Slovenia's veto on Croatia's EU membership bid.

Full name: Republic of Croatia Population: 4.4 million (UN, 2009) Capital: Zagreb Area: 56,594 sq km (21,851 sq miles) Major language: Croatian Major religion: Christianity Life expectancy: 73years (men), 80 years (women) (UN) Monetary unit: 1 kuna = 100 lipa Main exports: Machinery and transport equipment, clothing, chemicals GNI per capita: US $13,570 (World Bank, 2008) Internet domain: .hr International dialling code: +385

President: Ivo Josipovic

Social Democrat Ivo Josipovic was elected for a five-year term in January 2010. He pledged to fight corruption and help Croatia achieve EU membership.

The role of the president is largely ceremonial. He proposes the prime minister but it is for parliament to approve the nomination. The president can dissolve parliament and call elections.

Prime minister: Jadranka Kosor

Ms Kosor pledged to carry on predecessor Ivo Sanader's policies

Parliament approved Jadranka Kosor as prime minister in July 2009, days after the unexpected resignation from the post of Ivo Sanader.

Ms Kosor, who had been deputy prime minister since 2003, is the first woman premier in the country's history.

She graduated with a law degree from Zagreb University and pursued a successful career as a print and radio journalist before entering politics in the mid-1990s.

In 2005 Ms Kosor ran for Croatia's presidency but was defeated in the second round of voting by the current head of state Stipe Mesic.

A member of Mr Sanader's centre-right Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ), Jadranka Kosor has promised to continue her predecessor's policies.

She said she would lead the government with a "strong female hand", adding that her key task would be to fight Croatia's serious economic downturn.

Ms Kosor also pledged to resolve the border dispute with Slovenia which is the stumbling block towards Zagreb's EU accession, and appeared to make progress on this front during talks with her Slovene counterpart in September 2009.

Croatia's media operate in a climate of relative freedom. The constitution bans censorship and guarantees press freedom.

In 2008 US-based Freedom House rated the Croatian media as "partly free", saying officials had sometimes used libel laws against the press.

Croatian Radio-Television, HRT, is the state-owned public broadcaster and is financed by advertising and a licence fee.

Public TV is the main source of news and information. National commercial networks and dozens of private local TV stations compete for viewers. Croatia hopes to complete a transition to digital TV broadcasting by January 2011.